Wildflower Archive
Mourning cloak (Nymphalis antiopa)
Carrie Seltzer · CC BY (iNaturalist)

Pollinator

Mourning cloak

Nymphalis antiopa

A long-lived butterfly that overwinters and flies before the first flowers.

Family
Nymphalidae (brush-footed)
Wingspan
2.25 to 4 in (5.7 to 10 cm)
Flight season
Nearly year-round; overwinters as an adult
Range
Across North America
Caterpillar food
Willows, elms, poplars
Conservation
Secure and widespread

Dark maroon wings edged with a ragged cream border and a line of blue spots make the mourning cloak unmistakable, a butterfly that looks like a fallen leaf until it opens.

It is one of the longest-lived butterflies, hibernating as an adult and often the first seen in late winter, flying on warm days before any flowers bloom. It favors tree sap and fruit over nectar.

Mourning cloak caterpillar
Spiny caterpillars feed in groups on willow and elm. crgillette · CC BY (iNaturalist)

Caterpillars feed in groups on willows, elms, and poplars.

Plants for the mourning cloak

1 caterpillar host plant and 21 documented nectar plants. Pick a role, then narrow with the filters below.

22 plants

Nectar
Chokecherry
Chokecherry Prunus virginiana
Nectar
Saskatoon1 of 2
Saskatoon Amelanchier alnifolia
Nectar
Mayapple1 of 2
Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum
Nectar
Wild bergamot1 of 3
Wild bergamot Monarda fistulosa
Nectar
Common Snowberry1 of 2
Common Snowberry Symphoricarpos albus
Nectar
Moss phlox1 of 3
Moss phlox Phlox subulata
Nectar
American plum1 of 2
American plum Prunus americana
Nectar
Common boneset1 of 2
Common boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum
Nectar
Virginia strawberry1 of 2
Virginia strawberry Fragaria virginiana
Nectar
California buckeye
California buckeye Aesculus californica
Nectar
Snow-on-the-mountain1 of 2
Snow-on-the-mountain Euphorbia marginata
Nectar
Showy milkweed1 of 2
Showy milkweed Asclepias speciosa
Nectar
Spreading dogbane1 of 2
Spreading dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium
Nectar
Lemonade berry1 of 2
Lemonade berry Rhus integrifolia
Nectar
Common wrinkle-leaved goldenrod1 of 2
Common wrinkle-leaved goldenrod Solidago rugosa
Nectar
Seaside daisy1 of 2
Seaside daisy Erigeron glaucus
Nectar
Flat-topped goldenrod1 of 2
Flat-topped goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia
Host
Water birch1 of 2
Water birch Betula occidentalis
Nectar
Eastern leatherwood1 of 2
Eastern leatherwood Dirca palustris
Nectar
Western blue-eyed grass1 of 2
Western blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium bellum
Nectar
Common Manzanita1 of 2
Common Manzanita Arctostaphylos manzanita
Nectar
Carolina Springbeauty1 of 2
Carolina Springbeauty Claytonia caroliniana

Sources