Wildflower Archive
Queen (Danaus gilippus)
Francisco Farriols Sarabia · CC BY (iNaturalist)

Pollinator

Queen

Danaus gilippus

The monarch's southern cousin, a deep chestnut milkweed butterfly.

Family
Nymphalidae (milkweed butterflies)
Wingspan
2.75 to 3.9 in (7 to 10 cm)
Flight season
Much of the year in the South
Range
Southern United States
Caterpillar food
Milkweeds (Asclepias)
Conservation
Secure and widespread

A close relative of the monarch, the queen is a rich chestnut-brown butterfly bordered in black and flecked with white, warmer and darker than its famous cousin. It rules the warm, open country of the southern United States.

Queens share the monarch's milkweed defense: their caterpillars feed on milkweed and store its toxins, and the adults advertise their unpalatability with bold color. In the South the two often fly together.

Queen caterpillar
Like the monarch, the caterpillar feeds only on milkweed. Sue Carnahan · CC BY (iNaturalist)

To welcome queens, plant native milkweed for the caterpillars and nectar-rich flowers for the adults, just as you would for monarchs. The plants below carry documented queen records.

Plants for the queen

6 caterpillar host plants and 21 documented nectar plants. Pick a role, then narrow with the filters below.

24 plants

Nectar
Common Sunflower1 of 2
Common Sunflower Helianthus annuus
Host + Nectar
Butterfly milkweed1 of 2
Butterfly milkweed Asclepias tuberosa
Nectar
Lacy phacelia1 of 2
Lacy phacelia Phacelia tanacetifolia
Nectar
Buttonbush1 of 2
Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis
Nectar
Firewheel1 of 3
Firewheel Gaillardia pulchella
Nectar
Sea Thrift1 of 2
Sea Thrift Armeria maritima
Nectar
Turkey tangle frogfruit1 of 2
Turkey tangle frogfruit Phyla nodiflora
Nectar
Autumn sage1 of 2
Autumn sage Salvia greggii
Nectar
Pickerelweed1 of 2
Pickerelweed Pontederia cordata
Nectar
Rattlesnake master1 of 2
Rattlesnake master Eryngium yuccifolium
Nectar
Snow-on-the-mountain1 of 2
Snow-on-the-mountain Euphorbia marginata
Host + Nectar
Showy milkweed1 of 2
Showy milkweed Asclepias speciosa
Nectar
Narrow-leaved purple coneflower1 of 2
Narrow-leaved purple coneflower Echinacea angustifolia
Nectar
Maximilian sunflower1 of 3
Maximilian sunflower Helianthus maximiliani
Nectar
Upright prairie coneflower1 of 3
Upright prairie coneflower Ratibida columnifera
Nectar
Flat-topped goldenrod1 of 2
Flat-topped goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia
Nectar
Prairie blazing star1 of 2
Prairie blazing star Liatris pycnostachya
Host + Nectar
Whorled milkweed
Whorled milkweed Asclepias verticillata
Nectar
Sea ox-eye1 of 2
Sea ox-eye Borrichia frutescens
Host
Prairie milkweed
Prairie milkweed Asclepias sullivantii
Host
Sandhill milkweed
Sandhill milkweed Asclepias humistrata
Nectar
Marsh Rattlesnake Master1 of 2
Marsh Rattlesnake Master Eryngium aquaticum
Host
Broadleaf milkweed1 of 2
Broadleaf milkweed Asclepias latifolia
Nectar
Blue Curls1 of 2
Blue Curls Phacelia congesta

Sources